Learning IPv6 is paramount in your efforts to pass the BSCI exam and go on to earn your CCNP, and its going to help in your real-world networking career as well.
IPv6 can be confusing at first, but its like anything else in Cisco or networking as a whole – learn one part at a time, master the fundamentals, and youre on your way to success. In todays article were going to take a look at IPv6 address types.
In IPv4, a unicast address is simply an address used to represent a single host, where multicast addresses represent a group of hosts and broadcasts represent all hosts.
In IPv6, its not quite that simple. There are actually different types of unicast addresses, each with its own separate function. This allows IPv6 to get data where its supposed to go quicker than IPv4 while conserving router resources.
IPv6 offers two kinds of local addresses, link-local and site-local. Site-local addresses allow devices in the same organization, or site, to exchange data. Site-local addresses are IPv6s equivalent to IPv4s private address classes, since hosts using them are able to communicate with each other throughout the organization, but these addresses cannot be used to reach Internet hosts.
Site-local and link-local addresses are actually derived from a hosts MAC address. Therefore, if HostA has HostBs IPv6 address, HostA can determine HostBs MAC address from that, making ARP unnecessary.
Link-local addresses have a smaller scope than site-local. Link-local addresses are just that, local to a physical link. These particular addresses are not used at all in forwarding data. One use for these addresses is Neighbor Discovery, which is IPv6s answer to ARP.
You can identify these and other IPv6 addresses by their initial bits:
001 - Global address
(first 96 bits set to zero) - IPv4-compatible address
1111 1111 - Multicast
1111 1110 11 - Site local
1111 1110 10 - Link Local
As a future CCNP, youre more than familiar with the reserved IPv4 address classes. You also know that theyre not exactly contiguous. The developers of IPv6 took a structured approach to IPv6 reserved addresses – any address that begins with “0000 0000” is an IPv6 reserved address. One of these is the IPv6 loopback address, and this will give you some practice with your zero compression!
IP v6 Loopback: 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
Using Leading Zero Compression Only: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
Combining Leading Zero and Zero Compression: ::1
Zero compression looks pretty good now, doesnt it? You just have to get used to it and keep the rules in mind. You can use all the leading zero compression you want, but zero compression (“double-colon”) can only be used once in a single address.
IPv6 is here to stay, not only on your BSCI and CCNP exams, but in the real world as well. Learning it now will not only aid you in passing your Cisco exams, but in supporting IPv6 in the future.
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Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (www.thebryantadvantage.com), home of FREE CCNA and CCNP tutorials and daily exam questions, as well as The Ultimate CCNA and CCNP Study Packages.
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