Is Regular Backup Enough?
Most businesses secure their information infrastructure by regularly backing it up onto tape. Some have gone further, enhancing their backup strategy with expensive disk arrays and mirroring. Whether an earthquake, a flood, a blackout or a hard disk failure should catch them by surprise, these backups would ensure the survival of their information. Should human or software error (which account for approximately 40% of all application-related disasters) corrupt their data, they would simply reach for a recent backup, which would help them back on their feet. But would simply having these regular backups stashed away someplace safe be enough?
Should your information infrastructure go down, regular backup tools may prove insufficient. While you will doubtless be able to eventually restore corrupted data from tape or disk arrays, you may find that the recovery process takes too long. Data integrity may not be fully maintained, as you will most likely lose all information added or modified since the last backup was performed. Even worse, there is a high probability that you will not be able to bring databases up again at all. This may result from any number of reasons, including physical media faults and hardware/software incompatibilities.
In a nutshell, relying on traditional backups only may cost you precious downtime and make a serious dent in your productivity and profitability.
Snapshot-based Backups
To ensure higher data availability, and faster recovery from data corruption, IT-dependent organizations have been showing growing interest in snapshot-based backup solutions. A complement to conventional periodic backups (typically made once a day), these solutions maintain frequent watch over your data. Snapshot-based backup solutions will generally give you added security, for the simple reason that they allow you store the state of your data more often (typically once every few hours). Should corruption occur, you will no longer have to spend hours restoring all of your data from yesterday’s tape backup. Instead, you will be able to relatively quickly restore data from a previously stored system snapshot.
On the downside, disk activity typically needs to be suspended while snapshots are taken. Also, snapshots require tight integration with the specific application server being secured, and data integrity can only be assured if either the application itself or a system administrator invokes them in proper timing. This means that you will need to invest a significant amount of time and effort configuring and customizing a snapshot-based backup system for your particular Exchange, SQL or Oracle setup. If you’re out of luck, and the most recently recorded snapshot is out of sync with your application’s latest consistent state, restoring data from the snapshot may have unpredictable results.
Better than regular tape backup, but certainly not perfect.
Continuous Backup Gets the Job Done
Users interested in the highest data integrity and recovery speeds are probably best served by boosting their backup strategy with the latest continuous backup solutions. These may be added to your existing backup infrastructure (tape or snapshot-based, or a combination of both) and will monitor your application servers, while capturing and recording all operations (writes, deletes, copies, etc.) applied to them in a journal at all times. No data is actually moved around, as only the operations carried out on the data, and not the actual data, are logged.
Should data corruption occur, affected servers may simply be “rewound” by playing back an opposite operation (or “counter-event”) for each operation previously logged in the journal. Not only does this carry the benefit of allowing you to back up vast amounts of data accumulated over a long period of time (remember, it’s not the data itself that gets backed up, but the actions taken to create or modify it), but it also means that recovery will be practically instantaneous.
Enhancing regular backup and snapshots with rapid restore solutions
The diagram above shows the synergetic relationship between the three backup technologies. Snapshots are typically made once every few hours, and may additionally be taken to create offline backups (most likely on a daily basis). Should disaster occur, and only tape backups and/or snapshots are available, you stand to lose as many as 24 hours of updates, not counting the amount of time it will require to carry out restore operations. At the very least, you will lose all updates made during the hours that have gone by since the last snapshot or backup was made. If corruption occurred even earlier than that, you will have to go back further, and lose even more data. Also note that rapid restoration from snapshots will only be possible if you restore entire volumes, and things will significantly slow down if you attempt to restore individual files, directories or databases.
Ultimately, continuous backup may be added and configured to monitor every update made to your servers, either all the time or, if you prefer, in between the two most recent snapshots. Should your data be corrupted, you will be able to choose between virtually unlimited restore points. Continuous backup is the only solution that will allow you to restore single or multiple databases to the most recent consistent state, sometimes logged just minutes before corruption occurred, so that the highest data integrity and negligible data loss, if any, are ensured.
As the duration of restore operations only depends on the volume of changes applied since the most recently journaled consistent state, and no actual data is moved, users will be able to simply “rewind” either single-Megabyte or multi-Terabyte servers in seconds!
How To Pick a Continuous Backup Solution
Solutions will differ in the speed of recovery, in the level of backup and restore automation that can be achieved, in the bandwidth overhead they will place on your application servers and, obviously, in price.
You should look out for extras. In addition to their logging of server update activity, some of the more capable solutions will allow you to store “manual” data consistency “bookmarks” at will. This can prove especially useful when conducting server maintenance operations. Simply “plant” a bookmark before carrying out risky procedures and, should something go wrong, use it to quickly wind servers back.
Beware of “jacks-of-all-trades”. For the best results, choose an application-aware solution that has been tailored to work seamlessly with your particular application server. This will speed up deployment and database or application component discovery, and will provide you with the greatest ease-of-use and reliability. The preferred solution should at least provide dedicated support for industry-standard application servers such as Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft SQL and Oracle.
The Best of Both Worlds
You might also want to consider enhancing your backup strategy with real-time replication technology, which will add a high-availability layer to your data infrastructure, along with optional automatic fail-over. Generating a real-time copy of your data that is continuously kept up-to-date, this technology will achieve the most important benefit – 24/7 service availability for your users. They will appreciate being able to work uninterrupted and will be even happier when, should disaster strike, you’ll have them up and running again in a matter of seconds.
Leonid Shtilman is the Founder and CEO of XOsoft, a leading provider of business continuity software solutions that enable instantaneous recovery from any type of disaster, including common data corruptions.
An industry veteran, with years of experience in technology and technology management, Dr. Shtilman has held positions with numerous high technology companies, NASA, MIT and a number of universities. His research has gained substantial support from the U.S. Department of Energy.
